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Chlorine dioxide ClO2 is a yellowish-green gas, which is soluble in water. Chlorine dioxide is unstable as a gas but stable as a lean aqueous solution. Chlorine dioxide is an extremely powerful oxidant, biocide and disinfecting agent. ClO2 is toxic that is why it is a good water disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide is a safe compound properly used. More information can be found on the detailed safety data sheet (MSDS) prepared by Finnish Chemicals.
Chlorine dioxide is the principal chemical used in the environmentally preferred ECF chemical pulp bleaching process. ClO2 functions via oxidative reactions thus virtually eliminating the formation of chlorinated organic compounds. Chlorine dioxide attacks the aromatic ring of the lignin, but does not react with carbohydrates thus preserving pulp yield and giving superior pulp strength compared to other oxidants.
Chlorine dioxide is also increasingly being used as an efficient disinfectant in industrial and municipal water treatment. It is an effective biocide at concentrations as low as 0,1 ppm and over a wide pH range. By using chlorine dioxide in potable water treatment the formation of harmful by-products like THM's is minimised.
Chlorine dioxide is produced and used at the point of application. It is prepared from either sodium chlorate (large-scale users like pulp mills) or sodium chlorite (small-scale production like water treatment plants).
Finnish Chemicals Oy is manufacturing chlorine dioxide at the Kuusankoski site. An integrated process is used featuring on-site sodium chlorate production. The product is delivered in pipeline to the near-by pulp mill in an efficient just-in time supply chain.
Chlorine dioxide is produced at site and delivered in pipeline to the application points. The concentration of the aqueous solution is normally 0,6 to 1 % (6¿10 g ClO2/l). When stored chlorine dioxide solution must be protected from light and kept cool.
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